Live Network Snapshot (Last 30 Days): -
Pool Market Diversity
-
Unique Pools Actively Mining
Top Mining Pool
-
-
Top 3 Dominance
-
Blocks Mined by Top 3 Pools (%)
Mining Centralization (HHI)
-
Mining Centralization Index

Mining Pool Centralization Trend

Lower scores indicate a more decentralized and healthier pool market

Mining Power Concentration

Combined share (blocks mined) of the top 3 and top 5 powerful pools

Pool Market Share (Blocks)

Blocks mined per pool · Top 15 pools

Pool Geographic Jurisdictions

Estimated geographic spread of mining pool operations

New Pool Entries & Activity

Timeline of when pools first appeared and their current mining status

    Website

    Description missing.

    Birth (First Block Mined)
    -
    Lifetime Blocks Mined
    -
    Market Share (Last 30 Days)
    -

    Top Mining Pools

    Performance and identity breakdown of the top 30 network contributors

    Historical Pool Dominance

    Tracking the scale and share of major mining pools since 2009

    Mining Forensics & Reorg Risks

    Detecting network latency, centralization patterns, and block races

    The Investigative Thesis

    A small group of pools have built structural network advantages that let them win block races, skip transaction validation, and concentrate more hashrate than their public numbers suggest. Three signals reveal it — from incident, to mechanism, to identity.

    Act I The Incident — Anomalous Streaks & Reorg Exposure
    Historical Record (Post-2021)

    Consecutive Blocks & Reorg Risk

    Pools mining 7+ blocks in a row. High consecutive blocks increase the risk of blockchain reorganizations.

    How to read it: This table logs anomalous mining streaks where a single pool successfully mined 6 or more consecutive blocks. It details the pool involved, the length of the streak, the exact block height it started, and the total duration it took to mine those blocks.

    Key Insights:

    • Reorg & Fork Risk: When a pool mines many blocks right after one another, it increases the probability of simultaneous blocks (races) and blockchain reorganizations.
    • Network Dominance: Extremely fast and frequent streaks by a single pool suggest outsized short-term hashrate dominance or highly optimized block propagation that outpaces competitor nodes.
    Act II The Mechanism — Header-First Mining Signals
    Aggregate Profile (Post-2021)

    Second Block Uplift

    How many times more likely a pool is to mine block N+1 after mining block N, vs. what its hash share alone predicts. A value above 1× is a structural advantage — the quantitative fingerprint of header-first mining.

    How to read it: Under a fair, memoryless mining process, each pool's probability of winning any given block equals its hash share. That means P(same pool mines block N+1 | same pool just mined block N) = hash share exactly — the 1× baseline. Bars longer than 1× mean a pool converts a first block into a second block far more often than chance allows.

    Key Insights:

    • Why pools beat 1×: Upon mining block N, a pool already holds the header and can begin hashing block N+1 immediately — while every competitor first downloads, validates, and acknowledges block N (~13 s lag). This head-start inflates consecutive win rates above the pure hash-share baseline.
    • Connecting Acts I & II: Act I showed these pools produce more 7+ streaks than statistics allow. This chart closes the loop — the same pools are winning the second block at a systemically elevated rate, not through luck but through latency monopoly.
    • Interpreting magnitude: A 1.3× lift on a pool with 20% hash share translates to ~6 extra consecutive blocks every 100 mined — thousands of extra block opportunities per year at scale.
    Aggregate Profile (Post-2021)

    Header-First Mining Evidence

    Time gap between consecutive same-pool blocks. Intervals under 30s reveal pools skipping transaction validation before starting the next block template.

    How to read it: This chart breaks down the time duration between consecutive blocks mined by the same pool into specific time buckets (e.g., < 30s, 30s-60s). The < 30s bucket is explicitly highlighted in red/orange.

    Key Insights:

    • The "Danger Zone": Blocks found within 15 to 30 seconds of the previous block are highly prone to causing network forks. Other mining pools (who often refresh stratum jobs every 30 seconds) may not have received the previous block yet.
    • Propagational Advantage: Pools that consistently dominate the < 30s bucket often possess significant network latency monopolies, allowing them to win tight block races and trigger multi-block reorgs.
    Behavioral Verdict

    Empty Block Auditor (Behavioral History)

    Reform or persistence — all-time vs. 30-day pattern reveals who cleaned up and who doubled down.

    How to read it: The quadrant matrix plots each pool's all-time empty block rate (X-axis) against their last-30-day rate (Y-axis). The dotted diagonal is the "no change" reference — pools above it are getting worse, pools below it are improving. Threshold lines mark the network-weighted average.

    Quadrants:

    • 🔴 Persistent Offenders: High historically AND recently — chronic spy-miners.
    • 🚨 Newly Suspicious: Previously clean, now deteriorating — worth watching.
    • 📉 Reformed: Historically bad but recently improving — behaviour change detected.
    • ✅ Clean: Consistently low empty block rates — good network stewards.
    Historical Trend — monthly empty block rate, top offenders highlighted
    Act III Ghost Hashrate — Do the Numbers Add Up?
    Live Alert (24h Window / 14d Baseline)

    Reported vs. Actual Hashrate (Z-Score Persistence)

    Persistent $|Z| > 2$ across multiple daily windows is the ghost hashrate signal — occasional spikes are luck, sustained elevation is evidence.

    How to read it: Each line tracks a pool's Z-Score across up to 10 daily 144-block windows (~10 days). Z-Score measures how many standard deviations a pool's block production deviates from the expectation given its market share.

    Threshold bands:

    • Red zone (|Z| ≥ 3): Statistically improbable — a single occurrence is a strong anomaly.
    • Amber watch zone (|Z| ≥ 2): Elevated — worth monitoring, not conclusive alone.
    • Persistence rule: A pool that stays in the amber or red zone across multiple consecutive windows is a "ghost hashrate" suspect.
    Act IV The Identity — Block Content & Behavioral Fingerprints
    Stewardship (Last 30 Days)

    Block Efficiency Fingerprint

    Pool-level average TX count vs. block size — color reveals bytes-per-TX: green = compact fee transactions, red = inscription/Ordinals-heavy.

    How to read it: Each bubble is a pool's 30-day average. X = avg transactions per block; Y = avg block size in MB; bubble size = sample weight (blocks mined). Color encodes bytes-per-transaction: 🟢 green = compact (fee-optimizing), 🟡 amber = medium, 🔴 red = inscription-heavy.

    Fingerprint insight: Pools mining many small txs at the same block size as larger-tx pools are packing in more fee revenue per byte — a sign of active mempool management. High bytes-per-TX pools are filling blocks with witness-heavy data (Ordinals, Inscriptions).

    Stewardship (Last 30 Days)

    Average Data Overhead per Pool

    Witness bytes per transaction. BIP 110 aims to soft-limit this to 256 bytes per push.

    How to read it: Average witness-data overhead (bytes) per transaction on a log₁₀ scale. BIP 110 proposes a 256 B/tx soft-limit. The arrow (↑/↓) shows whether the pool is above or below that threshold; hover for the pool's peak single-block spike.

    Note: marapool's 5,141 B/tx average is driven by a deliberate Ordinals-mining policy — their per-block peak hit 332 kB/tx. All other pools cluster between 280–420 B/tx.

    Behavioral Consistency (Weekly)

    Miner Timing Patterns (Entropy Heatmap)

    Differentiating steady "Corporate" operations (Low Entropy) from irregular "Retail" mining (High Entropy).

    How to read it: Monthly coefficient of variation (CV) of inter-block arrival times since 2021 — aggregated from ~2,800 weekly snapshots. 🔴 Red = low CV (suspicious: consistent, industrial timing). 🔵 Blue = high CV (normal: irregular, retail/decentralised). The China mining ban (2021) and 4th Halving (2024) are annotated as structural inflection points.

    Why it matters: Pools with chronically low entropy operate owned hardware at industrial scale — making them uniquely capable of running the multi-block streaks in Act I. The Actor Archetypes panel below cross-references this signal with the most recent 6-month window.

    Initializing Bitcoin Mining Dashboard…